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Dame Enid Muriel Lyons (née Burnell; 9 July 1897 – 2 September 1981) was an Australian politician and the first woman to be elected to the Australian House of Representatives as well as the first woman appointed to the federal Cabinet. Prior to these achievements, she was best known as the wife of the Premier of Tasmania and later Prime Minister of Australia, Joseph Lyons. ==Early life and career== Lyons was born Enid Muriel Burnell in Smithton, Tasmania, one of three daughters of William and Eliza (née Taggett) Burnell, and educated at the Teacher's Training College, Hobart and later became a school teacher. Her mother was an activist in Labor and community groups in Tasmania. She was one of the first women appointed as a Justice of the Peace in Tasmania. Eliza Burnell apparently introduced her teenaged daughter to Joseph Lyons, a rising Tasmanian Labor politician. The two married two years later. Enid had been brought up a Methodist but became, at Lyons' request, a Roman Catholic.〔 On 28 April 1915, when she was 17 and Lyons was 35, the couple wed, at Wynyard, Tasmania; they would have twelve children, one of whom died in infancy. Lyons was made a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) in the Coronation Honours of 1936.〔 Note: site says it was granted in 1957.〕 Joseph Lyons died in 1939, aged 59, the first Australian Prime Minister to die in office, and Dame Enid returned to Tasmania. She bitterly resented Joseph Lyons's successor as leader of the UAP, Robert Menzies, who had, she believed, betrayed her husband by resigning from the Cabinet, shortly before Joseph's death.〔 At the 1943 election Dame Enid Lyons narrowly won the Division of Darwin in north-western Tasmania for the UAP, becoming the first woman in the House of Representatives. Her Labor opponent, who received more primary votes than she did, was the future Tasmanian Premier Eric Reece. At the same election, Dorothy Tangney was elected as a Labor Senator for Western Australia, the nation's first woman Senator.〔National Film and Sound Archive: Recording of (Dame Enid Lyon's maiden speech in Parliament ) on (australianscreen online )〕 In 1945 the UAP became the Liberal Party of Australia. On 23 August 1944 Enid Lyons was one of four speakers in a debate on population which became the Australian Broadcasting Commission's "largest controversy during the war years"〔Diana Wyndham. (2012) Foreword by the Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG. (Sydney: ), p. 343, quoting Alan Thomas (1980) ''Broadcast and be Damned: the ABC's First Two Decades''. (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press), p. 110〕 Lyons devoted a chapter to this Australian Broadcasting Corporation debate in her 1972 autobiography, calling it 'one of the most disturbing experiences I was to know as a member of parliament'. Her fellow debaters were Norman Haire, Jessie Street and the economist Colin Clark.〔 By the time she was elected to Parliament in her own right, there was very little left of her Labor ties. Her speeches in Parliament generally espoused traditional views on the family and other social issues. In 1949 the Liberals came to power under Menzies' leadership. The frosty personal relations between Menzies and Dame Enid thawed slightly when Menzies gave her the role of Vice-President of the Executive Council. This was a largely honorary post which gave her a seat in Cabinet but no departmental duties. Nevertheless, her health declined under the strain of regular travel between Canberra and Tasmania, and she retired from parliament prior to the 1951 election.〔(Profile ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'' ), adb.anu.edu.au; accessed 19 August 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enid Lyons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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